基于POI数据的河岸带“三生功能”解译与空间格局分析——以煤炭资源型城市古交为例

Interpretation and spatial pattern analysis of“production-living-ecological functions”in riparian zone based on POI data——a case study of coal resource-based city Gujiao

流域生态保护和高质量发展是国家重大战略,通过“生产-生活-生态”功能解译来识别“三生空间”是认识流域发展格局的重要依据和决策基础。以煤炭资源型城市古交市“一河三川”河岸带为例,利用兴趣点(Point of Interest,POI)数据,采用GIS空间分析法进行“三生功能”识别和分析。结果表明:古交市“三生空间”整体沿河谷地带呈串珠式分布;生产空间呈“小聚集、大分散”点状分布;生活空间沿汾河下游的南岸聚集并与生产空间交错分布;生态空间整体呈破碎的散点状分布,缺乏整体联动;混合功能空间围绕主要的生产空间和生活空间呈向心分布。结合煤炭资源型城市的特殊性,提出以“三生融合”为目标的城水格局构建、“刚柔并济”的岸线功能分区、项目带动沿岸腹地功能转型的策略,以期为河流生态修复和流域空间规划提供参考依据。

Taking the riparian zone of Gujiao City,a coal resource-based city,as an example,the point of interest(POI)data are used to identify and analyze the“production-living-ecological functions”.With the help of GIS analysis tools,the average nearest neighbor index is used to analyze the clustering characteristics of the“production-living-ecological spaces”.The evaluation results are superimposed to obtain the pattern map of the“production-living-ecological spaces”.The results show that:(1)the overall distribution of“production-living-ecological spaces”in Gujiao City is pearl-like along the river valley;(2)the production spaces are“small aggregation,large dispersion”point-like distribution;the living spaces are aggregated along the south bank of the lower Fenhe River and interspersed with the production spaces;the overall spatial distribution of ecology is fragmented and scattered lacking overall linkage;The mixed functional spaces are distributed centripetally around the main production spaces and living spaces.(3)the average nearest neighbor index results show that the nearest neighbor ratios of production spaces,living spaces,and mixed spaces are 0.57,0.46,and 0.60,respectively,and the average observation distance is less than the expected average distance,their spatial distribution patterns are random;the average observation distance of ecological spaces is greater than the expected average distance,so the spatial distribution pattern is random distribution.Starting from the particularity of coal resource-based cities,this paper puts forward three strategies,namely,the construction of urban water pattern with the goal of“production-living-ecological integration”,the functional zoning of shoreline with the means of“combination of rigidity and flexibility”,and the functional transformation of coastal hinterland driven by projects,to provide an important reference for river ecological restoration and watershed spatial planning.