2020年吉林省职业病危害现状调查分析

Survey and analysis on occupational hazards,Jilin province,2020

目的调查2020年吉林省不同行业、经济类型、规模的工业企业职业卫生工作现状,分析职业病发病和分布的一般规律,明确职业病危害的防治工作重点。方法采用整群抽样方法,2020年对职业病危害现状调查期间正常生产的吉林省相关单位进行入企调查,对调查结果进行统计分析。结果吉林省存在职业病危害因素的企业数占调查总企业数的66.05%,接触职业危害的劳动者160615人,占从业人员的30.29%。职业病危害因素检测率17.52%、职业健康检查开展率为16.77%。职业病危害项目申报企业数2483个,申报率为36.15%。接触物理因素危害的人数最多,占接害总人数的54.75%;接害人员主要分布在长春、吉林、延边,占比分别为35.75%、22.18%、8.61%。从行业分布看,汽车制造接害人数最多,占24.14%;其次是电力热力生产和供应业、化学原料和化学制品制造业、煤炭开采和洗选业、黑色金属冶煤炼和压延加工业,分别为11800、11653、9479、8135人,占比分别为7.35%、7.26%、5.90%、5.06%。结论2020年吉林省劳动者接触职业病危害相对普遍,企业管理水平偏低,尤其在小微企业中较为突出。

Objective To investigate the current situation of occupational health work in industrial enterprises of different industries,economic types and scales in Jilin Province in 2020,analyse the general patterns of occupational disease incidence and distribution,and clarify the focus of prevention and treatment of occupational disease hazards.Methods Using cluster sampling method,in 2020,the relevant enterprises in Jilin province that normally produced during the investigation of occupational hazards were surveyed,and the survey results were statistically analyzed.Results The number of enterprises with occupational hazard factors accounted for 66.05%of the total enterprises investigated,and 160615 workers exposed to occupational hazards,accounting for 30.29%of the employees.The detection rate of occupational-disease-inductive factors was 17.52%,and the launching rate of occupational health examination was 16.77%.There were 2483 enterprises applying for occupational-disease-inductive projects,and the reporting rate was 36.15%.The number of people exposed to physical factors was the largest of all,accounting for 54.75%.The victims were mainly distributed in Changchun,Jilin and Yanbian,accounting for 35.75%,22.18%and 8.61%,respectively.In terms of industry distribution,automobile manufacturing was the most affected,accounting for 24.14%;The following industries were the industry of production and supply of electric power and heat,the manufacturing industry of chemical raw materials and chemical products,the industry of coal mining and washing,as well as the industry of ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing,accounting for 7.35%,7.26%,5.90%and 5.06%,respectively,with 11800,11653,9479 and 8135 employees in each industry.Conclusion In 2020,workers in Jilin province are relatively exposed to occupational hazards,and the enterprise management level is low,especially in small and micro enterprises.