2015—2019年乌鲁木齐市气象因素对大气污染物的影响及污染物变化趋势分析

Study on influence of meteorological factors on atmospheric pollutants and trend of pollutant change in Urumqi from 2015-2019

目的分析乌鲁木齐市主要污染物NO_(2)、可吸入颗粒物(inhalable particles,PM_(10))、SO_(2)、细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM_(2.5))浓度变化和气象因素水平与主要污染物关系。方法收集2015—2019年乌鲁木齐市主要污染物(NO_(2)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、PM_(2.5))浓度、空气优良天数和气象因素变化等空气质量相关数据,并对数据进行分析。结果2015—2019年乌鲁木齐市主要污染物浓度由高到低为PM_(10)>PM_(2.5)>NO_(2)>SO_(2)。NO_(2)、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)浓度年均值均超过国家Ⅱ级标准。SO_(2)浓度较低,SO_(2)浓度年均值均没有超标。2015—2019年乌鲁木齐市空气优良天数依次为244、247、238、245和277天,空气优良天数由高到低年份为2019、2018、2017、2016和2015年。2015—2019年乌鲁木齐市主要污染物(NO_(2)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、PM_(2.5))均与气温呈负相关,与气压呈正相关,与相对湿度呈正相关,与风速呈负相关(均P<0.01)。结论2015—2019年乌鲁木齐市PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)浓度呈上升趋势,NO_(2)和SO_(2)浓度呈降低趋势。2015—2019年乌鲁木齐市优良天数一直增加,各种污染天数变少,空气质量有所改善。2015—2019年乌鲁木齐市主要污染物的浓度和空气质量变化与气象因素密切相关。

Objective To analyze the relationship between the concentration changes of main pollutants,including NO_(2),inhalable particles(PM_(10)),SO_(2) and fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),and levels of main meteorological factors and the main pollutants in Urumqi.Methods The relevant data of air quality,such as the concentration of main pollutants(NO_(2),PM_(10),SO_(2),PM_(2.5)),the days of good air and the change of meteorological factors,in Urumqi from 2015-2019,and the data were analyzed.Results From 2015 to 2019,the concentration of major pollutants in Urumqi from high to low was PM_(10)>PM_(2.5)>NO_(2)>SO_(2).The annual average concentrations of NO_(2),PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) exceeded the national Ⅱ standards.The concentration of SO_(2) was low,and the annual average concentration of SO_(2) did not exceed the standard.The number of days with good air in Urumqi from 2015 to 2019 were 244,247,238,245 and 277 days,respectively.The number of days with good air from high to low was in 2019,2018,2017,2016 and 2015.From 2015 to 2019,the main pollutants(NO_(2),PM_(10),SO_(2),PM_(2.5))in Urumqi were negatively correlated with air temperature,positively correlated with air pressure,positively correlated with relative humidity,and negatively correlated with wind speed(all P<0.01).Conclusion From 2015 to 2019,the concentrations of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in Urumqi are on the rise,while the concentrations of NO_(2) and SO_(2) are on the decrease.From 2015 to 2019,the number of days with good air in Urumqi has been increasing,the number of pollution days has become less and the air quality has improved.From 2015 to 2019,the concentrations of major pollutants and air quality in Urumqi are closely related to meteorological factors.