中药有效成分抗病毒作用及其机制的研究进展

Research progress on antiviral effect of active components of traditional Chinese medicine and their mechanisms

近年来,随着高发病率和死亡率病毒性疾病的频发,越来越意识到抗病毒药物研究的重要性。中药含有结构多样化的生物活性物质,为药物研究提供了重要的模板结构。因其具有新颖性、多组分、多靶点的特点,而成为新药开发的宝贵来源。中药有效成分的抗病毒作用机制包括抑制病毒复制、阻断病毒与受体结合、直接杀灭病毒、增强免疫系统、抑制细胞因子/趋化因子的反应等,以抗病毒作用机制为依据对具有抗病毒活性成分的中药有效成分进行综述,以期为抗病毒天然药物的研发提供依据,以应对新型冠状病毒新型变异株在内病毒的流行及未来可能出现的其他病毒的爆发。

In recent years,with the frequent occurrence of viral diseases accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rates,there has been an increasing awareness of importance of antiviral drugs research. Traditional Chinese medicine contain biologically structurally diverse bioactive substances that provide important template structures for pharmaceutical research. Because of its novelty,multicomponent and multi-target characteristics,it is a valuable source for new drug development. The antiviral mechanisms of active components of traditional Chinese medicines include inhibition of viral replication,block binding of virus with receptor,directly killing virus,enhancement of the immune system and inhibition of cytokines/chemokines responses,etc. The active components of traditional Chinese medicine with antiviral active ingredients based on the mechanism of antiviral action were reviewed in this paper,in order to provide a basis for development of antiviral natural drugs to cope with the virus epidemic including the new variant of SARS-CoV-2 and other virus outbreaks that may occur in the future.