中药中马兜铃酸快速检测及分离技术研究进展

Research progress on rapid detection and separation techniques of aristolochic acids in traditional Chinese medicine

马兜铃酸是一类广泛存在于马兜铃属及细辛属植物中的硝基菲羧酸类化合物,因其具有不可逆转的肾毒性,2000年6月,美国食品药品监督管理局下令停止进口、制造和销售含有马兜铃酸的原料及药品。随后,世界各国和地区纷纷暂停了含马兜铃酸药物的使用。但目前,一些含有低剂量马兜铃酸的药物仍在我国临床上广泛应用,鉴于马兜铃酸的不良反应,为保障临床用药安全和人民生命安全,对其进行风险评估具有重要意义。因此,对近年来马兜铃酸快速检测和分离技术的原理、应用、优势与不足进行总结,以期为含马兜铃酸的中药及其制剂的风险控制及安全使用提供科学依据。

Aristolochic acids are a kind of nitro-phenanthrene carboxylic acid compounds widely existing in Aristolochia species and Asarum species.Because of their irreversible nephrotoxicity,the US Food and Drug Administration ordered to stop importing,manufacturing and selling raw materials and medicines containing aristolochic acids in June,2000.Subsequently,countries and regions around the world have suspended the use of medicines containing aristolochic acids.However,at present,some drugs containing lowdose aristolochic acids are still widely used clinically in China.In view of the toxic and side effects of aristolochic acids,it is of great significance to carry out risk assessment to ensure the safety of clinical medication and people’s lives.Therefore,the principle,application,advantages and disadvantages of rapid detection and separation technologies of aristolochic acids in recent years were summarized in this paper,in order to provide scientific basis for risk control and safe use of traditional Chinese medicine and their preparations containing aristolochic acids.