基于少林武术文化传承的少林武学内涵研究

A Study on the Connotations of Shaolin Wushu Based on the Inheritance of Shaolin Wushu Culture

少林寺作为中国著名的佛教禅宗祖庭,始建于北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳之后,其创立者为少林寺初祖的跋陀。而作为跋陀接班人亦即少林寺二祖的僧稠,因其卓越的武功,成为了少林寺历史上“禅武合一”的开创者。根据历史学的方法,采取文献资料与部分文物资料结合分析的手段,通过对少林寺禅学中心创立与少林武术肇始、唐元明清时期少林武术史料辨析等不同历史阶段资料的分析,对少林武术的产生与发展、少林武学的形成与内涵特征进行了整体探讨。研究认为,嵩山少林寺建寺1 500多年来,历代高僧薪火相传,严格保持着佛教的传承法脉,为中国佛教、禅宗的发展奠定了基石;由少林武术角度而言,其武术技击肇始于北魏少林寺创建初期的少林二祖邺下著名武僧稠禅师,得名于少林寺,并经过唐、元、明、清时期的发展,逐渐将“武”由“术”上升为“学”的高度,最终使“少林武学”成为包含完善运动技术、制度与思想的完整文化体系。当代,中华武术体系中的少林流派已经遍及全国乃至全世界,其层出不穷的拳法器械,表明在中华武术的发展过程中,少林武学起到了集结武学精华,教习天下武人的核心作用。直到今日,习武者仍在享用少林武艺的历史成果,接受它的文明信息。

As a famous ancestral temple of Zen Buddhism in China,the Shaolin Temple was built after Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang. Its founder was Batuo,the first progenitor of the Shaolin Temple. As the successor of Batuo,also known as the second ancestor of the Shaolin Temple,Monk Chou became the initiator of“unity of Zen and Wu”in the history of the Shaolin Temple because of his outstanding achievement in Wushu. Taking the approach to the studies of history,this paper resorts to literature review and some cultural relics to analyze the establishment of the Shaolin Temple Zen Center,the beginning of Shaolin Wushu,and the historical materials of Shaolin Wushu in Tang,Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,and discuss the origin and development of Shaolin Wushu,as well as the formation and built-in features of the Shaolin Wushu discipline as a whole. This study holds that for over 1,500 years since the founding of the Shaolin Temple in Songshan Mountain,the eminent monks of all dynasties have passed down the traditions of Buddhism strictly,which laid a solid foundation for the development of Buddhism and Zen in China. From the perspective of Shaolin Wushu,its skills of attack and defence were started by Zen Master Chou,the famous monk of Yexia,who was also the second progenitor in the early times when the Shaolin Temple was estalished in the Northern Wei dynasty and were named by the Shaolin Temple. After the development of Tang,Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,Shaolin Wushu gradually promoted“Wu”from being a“technique”to becoming a“discipline”and eventually developed the“Shaolin Wushu discipline”into a complete cultural system containing impeccable movement techniques,systems,and thoughts. At present,the Shaolin school of Chinese Wushu has spread throughout China and even the world,and its endless skills and equipment show that in the development of Chinese Wushu,the Shaolin Wushu discipline has played a core role in gathering the essence of the Wushu discipline and cultivating Wushu practitioners all over the world. To this day,practitioners still enjoy the historical achievements of Shaolin Wushu and receive its message of civilization.