从打破若干固化认识探析提升传统武术技击性的途径

To Improve the Art of Attack and Defense in Traditional Wushu:from the Perspective of Breaking down Several Prejudices About Traditional Wushu

以“为切实提升传统武术技击性提供理论思路”为研究目的,运用文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方法,将“打练结合”“体用一如”“功夫上身”“制人于不动声色之间”等在传统武术界影响较大的几个固化认识作为研究对象进行了重新审视和反思。结论:1)扭转“打练结合”中“‘练’即套路”内容唯一性的僵化认识,实现以服务“打”为根本目的,以技战术与体能训练的“练”的根本转向。2)传统武术“体用一如”的实现应重视连接“体”与“用”的桥梁——条件性攻防的反复训练。3)对传统武术“功夫上身”与否的衡量,应注重审视训练内容、方法与负荷强度等身体实践对提升技击能力的相关性。4)“制人于不动声色之间”只是多重文化影响下所产生的理想化技击样态,不应作为实现技击的途径或判定优劣的标准。

With the purpose of“providing a theoretical basis for effectively improving the art of attack and defense in traditional Wushu”,this paper uses literature and logical analysis to re-examine and reflect on several prejudices that have a great influence in the traditional Wushu community,such as“combining fighting and practicing”,“the physical body and Wushu practice as one”,“kung fu acquisition”and“defeating one’s opponent with ease”. Research conclusions:1)we should alter the misunderstanding that Wushu practice simply means routine in terms of“combining fighting and practicing”,and shift towards serving the fundamental purpose of“fighting”with technical and physical training. 2)To realize“the physical body and Wushu practice as one”,we should pay attention to building a bridge between the“body”and the“practice”--the repeated training of conditional attack and defense. 3)For the evaluation of“kung fu acquisition”in traditional Wushu,attention should be paid to examining the relevance of physical practice such as training content,training method,training load and intensity to improve the ability to fight. 4)“Defeating one’s opponent with ease”is only an idealized technical form produced under the influence of multiple cultures,and should not be used as a way to achieve technical attacks or a criterion for judging the advantages and disadvantages.