如何在教学中培养学生的思维和能力(3)——系统与模型

HOW TO CULTIVATE STUDENTS’THINKING AND ABILITY IN TEACHING(3)——SYSTEM AND MODEL

系统是人为界定的由一些有关联的物体或成份组成的有序整体。模型是经过处理的简化系统,但能体现原系统的本质特征,是描述和理解系统的有效工具。真实问题很复杂,但可以用简化的模型来描述。本文介绍了琴弦振动问题、雨滴下落问题和生物竞争问题,这些问题涉及到质点动力学、变质量以及跨学科领域中更广泛的“力”与“运动”,展示了如何简化实际问题并建立模型的过程,根据模型得出的结论能很好地解释所关心的现象,甚至与实际情况十分接近,有利于让学生了解一种处理问题的方法和思维模式。

A system is an artificial defined well-organized collection of related objects or components.The model is a simplified system after processing,but it can reflect the essential characteristics of the original system,and it is an effective tool to describe and understand the system.The real problem is complex,but can described by a simplified model.Some problems are introduced in this paper involved the particle dynamics,variable mass and interdisciplinary field of a broader“force”and“movement”,such as string vibration,raindrops falling and biological competition.These problems show how to simplify the process of practical problems and establish the model,the conclusion based on the model can well explain the phenomenon of concern,even with the actual situation is very close to physical truth,and it is helpful for students to understand a way of dealing with problems and thinking mode.