高光谱遥感技术在药用植物研究中的应用现状分析

Analysis of Application Status of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Technology in Medicinal Plant Research:A Review

中药材是中医药发展的物质基础,但中药资源需求的快速增长及环境恶化使得大量野生药材资源濒危。人工种植中药材是目前缓解市场供需矛盾的主要方式,但药用植物栽培因缺少过程管控和专业化、精细化管理而严重影响了药材产量和质量。对药用植物长势、产量、病虫害等进行早期预判和评估是保障中药材产量和品质的重要技术手段,有效、无损的过程监测技术是实现中药农业现代化的先决条件。高光谱遥感技术具有快速、无损、准确的检测优势,近年来已被广泛应用于植物生长信息提取和产量评估,以及监测作物长势与逆境胁迫响应,成为品质监测、病虫害预防等精准农业生产的重要技术手段。因此,笔者结合高光谱数据处理和分析方法,系统综述了高光谱遥感技术在监测植物生理特征、环境胁迫、资源调查、药材质量检测等方面的应用,并结合药用植物特性,探讨了该技术在提高中药材生产过程监测能力、实现药材栽培实时动态监测、开发无损检测的病虫害早期诊断技术、建立优质中药材质量可追溯体系等方面的应用前景,为高光谱遥感技术在解决中药农业精细栽培中的相关难题提供参考,并为中药资源可持续利用和智能中药农业发展提供新思路和解决方案。

Chinese materia medica is the material basis of the development of traditional Chinese medicine,but the rapid growth of the demand for Chinese materia medica resources and environmental deterioration make a large number of wild medicine resources endangered.At present,artificial cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials is the main way to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand in the market,but the production and quality of medicinal materials are seriously affected by the lack of process control,specialization and fine management in medicinal plant cultivation.Early prediction and evaluation of the growth,yield,diseases and insect pests of medicinal plants is an important technical means to guarantee the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal materials,and effective and non-destructive process monitoring technology is the prerequisite for realizing the modernization of Chinese medicine agriculture.With the advantages of rapid,non-destructive and accurate detection,hyperspectral remote sensing has been widely used in recent years for plant growth information extraction and yield assessment,as well as monitoring crop growth and response to adversity stress,becoming an important technical tool for precision agricultural production such as quality monitoring and pest and disease prevention.Therefore,combined with hyperspectral data processing and analysis methods,the application of hyperspectral remote sensing technology in monitoring plant physiological characteristics,environmental stress,resource investigation and quality inspection of medicinal materials is systematically reviewed,and combined with the characteristics of medicinal plants,the application prospect of hyperspectral remote sensing technology in improving the monitoring ability of production process of Chinese medicinal materials,realizing real-time dynamic monitoring of medicinal materials cultivation,developing early diagnosis technology of pests and diseases for nondestructive detection,and establishing quality traceability of high-quality Chinese medicinal materials is discussed,in order to solve the related problems in precision cultivation of Chinese medicine agriculture by hyperspectral remote sensing technology,and provide new ideas and solutions for the sustainable utilization of Chinese medicine resources and the development of intelligent Chinese medicine agriculture.