基于POI数据的广州市儿童商业活动空间的演变特征及形成机制

The Spatial Evolution and Formation Mechanism of Children’s Commercial Activity Places in Guangzhou: An Analysis Based on POI Data

运用大数据与传统地理信息系统相结合的方式,以广州市儿童商业活动空间的POI(Point of Interest)数据为研究对象,对其进行分类后,研究其总体空间格局及各功能类型空间的分布特征,探讨其空间分布规律及发展态势并分析形成机制,对广州儿童友好型城市规划提出相应建议。研究表明:(1)广州市儿童商业活动空间整体呈现分布不均的“核心-边缘”格局,在核心区呈现多中心结构,在市域范围内呈现组团式结构。经过5年的发展,总体的空间格局没有发生显著变化,空间分布不均问题依旧突出。(2)各功能类型儿童商业活动空间的高核密度区具有一致性,都位于城市中心区。在空间规模上,辅导类及艺术类的儿童活动空间规模最大,特殊教育类儿童活动空间在5年内的变化不明显。在空间拓展速度上,早教类和游乐类的儿童活动空间发展速度较快。运动类儿童活动空间的商业体量没有明显增大,但该空间扩散现象明显。(3)儿童商业活动空间受到多种因素的共同影响,包括了社会发展及儿童的需求变化、城市的空间格局及未来发展方向、城市的交通及儿童商业活动空间的可达性、互联网技术及线上教育的发展。

With the combination of big data and the traditional geographic information system, the POI(Point of Interest) data of children’s commercial activity places in Guangzhou are taken as the research object. After a classi-fication of the places, the overall spatial pattern and distribution characteristics of the places with various functional types are studied, the spatial distribution pattern and development trend are discussed, and the formation mechanism is analyzed. Some suggestions on child-friendly urban planning in Guangzhou are put forward. First, the children’s commercial activity space in Guangzhou presents a core-edge pattern with uneven distribution, with a multi-center structure in the core area and a group structure in the city area. Second, the high kernel density areas of children’s commercial activity space of different functional types are consistent, and they are all located in the urban center. In terms of space scale, tutoring and art class have the largest space scale while special education has no obvious change in five years. In terms of the speed of space expansion, the early education category and the recreation category develop rapidly. The commercial volume of the sports category does not increase significantly, but its spatial diffusion phenomenon is obvious. Finally, the children’s commercial activity space is affected by many factors, including the needs of social development and the changing need of children, urban spatial pattern and the future development direction, the city’s traffic accessibility and children’s commercial activity space, internet techno-logy and the development of online education.