基于居民生活方式变迁的易武古茶园景观演变

The Landscape Evolution of Ancient Tea Plantation in Yiwu Town in the Perspective of Lifestyle Changes

为了探寻本土自下而上的力量在景观塑造中所扮演的角色,以生活方式为视角,关注本土居民日常生活实践所推动的文化景观演变过程与时空效应:以云南古六大茶山之一的易武古茶园为例,运用访谈法和参与式观察法,从广义居民生活方式概念下的劳动方式、消费方式、交往方式和精神需求4个维度入手,探索古茶园景观的演变机制。研究发现:(1)在地方居民不同生活方式的碰撞下,茶园景观经历了天然茶林、传统茶园、现代茶园和生态茶园4个发展阶段;(2)不同历史时期的人口流动是生活方式变迁的驱动力,而生活方式的改变形塑了不同的文化景观;(3)劳动方式和消费方式升级推动了茶园景观的演变,消费方式升级和社交方式多样化推动了聚落景观的演变,而交往方式的多元和精神层面的需求是古茶园文化革新的重要推动力。

The evolution and space-time effect of cultural landscape driven by local residents’ daily life practices is studied from the perspective of lifestyle to explore the role of local bottom-up forces in shaping the landscape. Ta-king the ancient tea plantation in Yiwu Ancient Tea Mountain, one of the six ancient tea mountains in Yunnan Pro-vince, for example, the interview method and the participatory observation method are used to explore the evolution mechanism of the ancient tea plantation landscape on the four dimensions of labor mode, consumption mode, communication mode and spiritual needs in the broad sense of residents’ lifestyle. The results are as follows. First, due to the collision of different lifestyles of the local residents, the tea plantation landscape has experienced four stages: natural tea plantation, traditional tea plantation, modern tea plantation and ecological tea plantation. Se-cond, the population mobility in different historical periods was the driving force of lifestyle changes, which has changed the landscape of tea mountain, tea land and tea tree in the ancient tea plantations to different degrees. Third, the upgrading of labor mode and consumption mode promoted the evolution of tea land landscape while the upgrading of consumption mode and the diversification of social mode promoted the evolution of settlement landscape, and the diversification of communication mode and spiritual demand was an important driving force of the innovation of ancient tea plantation culture.