儿童说谎的发展及其影响因素探究

The Development of Children’s Lying and Its Influencing Factors

说谎是人类常见的社会行为方式,学会说谎,是儿童认知成熟的重要标志。儿童说谎作为发展心理学的重要组成部分,在临床、教育和法律作证领域等各方面都具有研究意义和应用价值。因此,什么因素会影响儿童说谎行为的发生频率和发展轨迹也成为广大心理学者和社会学家关注的问题。我国的儿童谎言心理学研究者已围绕儿童说谎的行为问题,结合不同的范式,从认知因素、社会文化因素等多方面,开展了一系列实证研究。事实上,儿童说谎行为是内部因素,包括认知发展、道德理解和气质,以及外部环境相互影响、塑造而成的。未来的研究者应更广泛地结合不同方面因素,更全面整体地看待儿童的说谎行为,从而给父母、教师等儿童教育者较为实用和具体的指导去帮助儿童形成和发展对说谎的道德理解,并促进儿童的诚实行为。

Lying is a common social strategy of human beings.Learning to lie is an important sign of cognitive maturity for children.As an important component of developmental psychology,studying children’s lying behavior has great research significance and application value in clinical treatment,education and legal testimony.Therefore,examining the influencing factors of the development and frequency of lying behaviors in children has become a concern of psychologists and sociologists.By combining and inventing various paradigms,Chinese researchers have carried out a series of empirical studies on children’s lying behaviour and its cognitive factors and social environment factors.In fact,children’s lying behavior is shaped by the interaction between internal factors(i.e.,cognitive development,moral understanding and temperament) and external environment(i.e.,family,school or social context).Future research should widely combine different factors and study children’s lying in a more comprehensive way,so as to give parents,teachers and other educational workers more practical and specific guidance to help children form and develop an adaptive moral understanding of lying and promote their honesty.