实践取向的教师教育改革——美国接力教育研究生院“教学文硕士”课程探究

Practice-based Teacher Education Reform: Research on the Course of Teaching Master of Arts in Relay Education Graduate School of America

接力教育研究生院是21世纪以来美国新兴的教师培养学院的主要代表之一,其两年制的教学文硕士课程将美国当前流行的“驻校实习”与研究生的专业教育结合起来,创设了一种实践取向的新型教师培养课程。它以大学本科学历为起点,让学员先进入教学岗位,在实践中接受培训。该课程“专注于掌握、强调内容即背景、注重从最终目标开始、讲求螺旋式递进”,具有以下六个方面的特点:一是强调初任教师职前培养的独立性;二是注重在实践中并通过实践培养教师;三是突出课程的内在逻辑关联和渐进过渡;四是严格控制教师候选人的入学标准;五是双证书并重和线上线下并行;六是将毕业与学员培养绩效挂钩。接力教育研究生院教学文硕士课程是美国教师教育大学化半个多世纪之后的新动向,对我国教育专业硕士课程的建设与发展具有启示意义。

The Relay Education Graduate School is one of the representative emerging teacher training colleges in the United States since the 21 st century. The two-year teaching master of arts curriculum combines the current popular “residency” in the United States with the professional education of graduate students, and creates a new type of teacher training curriculum with practical orientation. It starts from the undergraduate degree and allows students to enter the profession prior to receiving training in practice. The course, which is mastery focused, content contextualized, beginning with the ultimate objective, and spiraling”, has the following six characteristics: first, it emphasizes the independence of the pre-service training of new teachers;second, it focuses on training teachers in practice and through practice;third, it highlights the internal logical connection and gradual transition of the course;fourth, it strictly controls the enrollment of teacher candidates;fifth, it features double certificates in both online and offline modes;last, it links graduation with students’ training performance. The Master of Arts in Teaching Program in Relay Education Graduate School is a new trend after more than half a century of the universalization of teacher education in the United States. It has enlightening significance to the construction and development of the master’s program of education in China.