腹膜透析患者照顾者的生存质量及相关影响因素分析

Quality of Life of Caregivers and Its Influence Factors in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

目的:探讨腹膜透析患者及其照顾者的社会人口学资料、照顾者负担情况及心理状态与照顾者生存质量的相关性。方法:采用横断面调查方法,纳入2020年09月—2021年08月在中山大学附属第一医院随访的腹膜透析患者的照顾者。收集腹膜透析患者及照顾者的社会人口学资料和病情资料、照顾情况、以及照顾者负担情况、抑郁和焦虑状态、生存质量情况。采用多元线性回归分析腹膜透析患者照顾者生存质量的影响因素。结果:本研究共纳入腹膜透析患者照顾者273例。入组照顾者平均年龄(43.5±12.4)岁,男44.3%,患慢性疾病占11.4%,中位每日照顾患者时长1.0(0.5~2.3)小时,中位照顾患者总年限12.0(2.1~48.8)个月。照顾者中位负担得分10.0(4.0~19.0)分,中位抑郁得分2.0(0.0~6.0)分,中位焦虑得分1.0(0.0~4.0)分,平均生存质量总分(79.5±15.8)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,照顾者接受九年及以上教育与较高的照顾者生存质量总分独立相关;而照顾者患慢性疾病、较长的每日照顾患者时长、较高的抑郁得分及焦虑得分与较低的照顾者生存质量总分独立相关(均P<0.05)。结论:腹膜透析患者照顾者生存质量低于普通人群。照顾者接受教育水平、患慢性疾病情况、每日照顾患者时长及负面情绪是其生存质量的独立影响因素。

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the association of demographic data,burden and psychological status of peritoneal dialysis(PD)patients’caregivers with their quality of life(QOL).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among those caregivers whose relative accepted PD treatment and followed up in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from September 2020 to August 2021.Demographic data of PD patients and caregivers,caregivers’burden,depression and anxiety status and QOL were collected.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influence factors for QOL in caregivers of PD patients.Results:A total of 273 caregivers were included in this study.The mean age of caregivers was(43.5±12.4)years,44.3%were males,and 11.4%suffered from chronic diseases.The median length of care for patients was 1.0(0.5~2.3)hours per day,and the median total length of care for patients was 12.0(2.1~48.8)months.Caregivers had median burden score of 10.0(4.0~19.0)points,median depression score of 2.0(0.0~6.0)points,median anxiety score of 1.0(0.0~4.0)points,and mean QOL score of (79.5±15.8)points.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that nine years of education level or above was independently associated with higher QOL score for caregivers;while chronic disease,longer daily patient care duration,higher scores of depression and anxiety of caregivers were independently associated with lower QOL score of caregivers(all P<0.05).Conclusion:The score of QOL in caregivers of PD patients was lower than that in general population.Caregivers’education level,chronic disease status,daily care hours and negative emotions were independent influence factors for their QOL.