全球碳市场发展现状综述及中国碳市场建设展望

Review on Development of Global Carbon Market and Prospect of China’s Carbon Market Construction

近年来,由于全球工业化进程加快,化石能源消耗巨大,碳排放量居高不下,极端天气频繁发生。为了缓解减排压力,《京都议定书》提出了碳排放权交易机制,碳市场建设在欧洲、北美、中南美洲以及东亚及东南亚等地区普遍开展。中国作为全球最大的发展中国家也进一步建立了国家层面的碳市场。中国碳排放量持续位居世界首位,减排任务迫切,全球碳市场发展经验对中国碳市场建设具有重要借鉴意义。首先,介绍了全球主要碳市场的建设历程及发展现状。其次,总结归纳了各国碳市场的关键机制,评价了市场运行效果。然后,结合市场运行实际,分析了中国未来碳市场发展面临的难点和挑战。最后,探讨了中国未来碳市场的发展方向及机制设计,并从碳市场互联的角度提出了中国及周边国家的新型减排合作模式。

In recent years,due to the accelerated process of global industrialization,fossil energy consumption is huge and carbon emissions remain high,leading to the frequent extreme weather.In order to alleviate the pressure of emission reduction,the Kyoto Protocol proposed a carbon emission trading mechanism,and the carbon market has been widely constructing in Europe,North America,Central and South America,East Asia and Southeast Asia.China,as the largest developing country in the world,has further established a national carbon market.China’s carbon emissions rank the first in the world,and the task of reducing emissions is urgent.The experience of global carbon market development is of great significance for China’s carbon market construction.This paper first introduces the construction process and development status of major global carbon markets.The key mechanisms of carbon markets in various countries are summarized and the market operation effect is evaluated.Then,combined with the actual operation of the market,the difficulties and challenges faced by China’s future carbon market development are analyzed.Finally,this paper discusses the development direction and mechanism design of China’s future carbon market,and puts forward a new model of emission reduction cooperation between China and neighboring countries from the perspective of carbon market interconnection.