作为网络民族主义修辞策略的“国际绰号”:爱国动员的伦理辨析

International Nickname as Rhetorical Strategy of Cyber Nationalism: an Ethical Analysis of Patriotic Mobilization

当今中国社交媒体平台的涉外传播与争议中,“国际绰号”是一种较为盛行的非主流民间话语形式,参与者甚至将其作为一种修辞策略来发起网络民族主义的“爱国动员”。通过语料库归纳,发现“国际绰号”是将国际关系“人际化”,将国别“拟人化”的一种修辞方式,其中一部分为社交媒体中产生的新词,一部分为社交媒体中发生语义变迁的旧词。一些“国际绰号”具有蔑称指向,以隐喻或转喻开展反讽、攻讦和批判,这有可能产生民粹隐患和伦理危机,不仅导致中国在国际社会处于道德被动地位,弱化国际话语权,而且影响了汉语在国际交流中的语言审美,破坏了“中国形象亲和力”,不符合“既开放自信也谦逊谦和”的要求。

In the foreign-related communication and disputes on social media platforms of China, international nickname is a kind of relatively popular form of non-mainstream folk discourse. By attaching nickname to other countries, some Internet participants even launch the patriotic mobilization of online nationalism. International nicknames are partly new words generated in social media, and partly old words whose semantics have changed in social media. Some epithet will produce a populism and language ethics crisis, through metaphor or metonymy rhetoric of irony, which will lead to passive situation, weaken international discourse power, and influence the aesthetic language of Chinese language in international communication. As a consequence, some international nicknames will destroy the national image of China, eliminate the temperament of openness, confidence, humility.