“全观诗学”论纲

An Outline of “Holistic Poetics”

全观诗学是立足口头文学之本体,围绕口头文学之问题,引入多学科视域而构建的文学阐释体系。在技术路线层面,全观诗学以洛德-弗里的“口头(程式)理论”为主线,部分吸收了“民族志诗学”“演述理论”等学派的概念、工具和模型;在方法论层面,移用了斯穆茨的“整全观”概念,以整体性观点把握口头文学的全貌和特征,同时力求结合分析的方法与整体的方法;在世界观层面,以唯物史观作为认识和解析口头文学内外部规律的基础。全观诗学强调共时方法,注重要素间关系和彼此作用,同时引入历史发展的维度,从而多方面展现民众口头文学活动的艺术特征和社会功能等。相较于“书写性”和因特网,“口头性”是人类古老常新的信息技术,且长期居于统领性地位,因而也是“全观”的合理出发点。

Holistic poetics is a system of literary interpretation based on the essence of oral literature and built around the problems of oral literature and the introduction of a multidisciplinary perspective.At the level of technique,holistic poetics is based on Lloyd-Foley’s“oral(formulaic)theory”and partly on concepts,tools and models from schools such as“ethno-poetics”and“performance theory.” At the level of methodology,we have transposed J.C.Smuts’ concept of holism,grasping oral literature’s full picture and distinctive features in a big picture,while at the same time seeking to combine analytical and holistic methods.At the level of worldview,we take historical materialism as the foundation of our understanding and interpretation of the laws governing the inner and outer parts of literature.Holistic poetics emphasizes synchronous methods and pays attention to factor relationships and mutual functioning while introducing the dimension of historical development and thence presenting the artistic features and social role of folk oral literature activities.Compared to the nature of the“medium of writing”and the internet,“orality”is an information technique that is as old as humanity yet constantly renewed,one that has long held the dominant position and so is a rational departure point for holism.