走向差异共同体的文学文化学

Towards a Literary Culturology of Communities of Difference

市场经济、全球化,尤其是新媒体技术的快速发展催生了丰富多彩的文化形式,文学在当代社会已不再是中心的或主要的文化形式,文化生活很大程度上取代了文学阅读。这在学术体制上产生的影响便是,文学研究正在为文化研究所拆解和重组。文学如何在文化的进逼中获得新的生机?是坚守文学本位,还是放弃抵抗、降身文化?正确的做法或许是在二者间寻找新的链接或联合。近年来国内外学界倡导的“文学文化学”即是朝此方向的一个尝试。文学可以引领文化的进步,但这种引领必须是返回文化日常,发挥文化性作用,而非单纯的审美作用。文学与文化在语言媒介、审美感性和普遍性诉求等方面具有基础性的相通,一门打通文学和文化关系的“文学文化学”因此成为可能。文学的前途在于文化化,而文化化则意味着建构一种文化差异共同体。

The market economy,globalization and,above all,the rapid development of new media technologies have given rise to a rich variety of cultural forms,with literature no longer being the central or dominant form of culture in contemporary society and cultural life largely replacing literary reading.The effect on the academic system is that literary studies are being dismantled and reorganized into cultural studies.How can literature gain vitality in the face of the advance of cultural studies?Neither sticking with literature nor giving up resistance and surrendering to culture is the right path.The best option is to find new links or associations between the two,and the“literary culturology”advocated in recent years by academia at home and abroad represents an attempt in this direction.Literature can lead the way to cultural progress,but the way it does this must involve a return to the everyday-ness of culture,in a cultural role rather than a purely aesthetic one.Literature and culture are fundamentally linked in terms of linguistic medium,aesthetic sensibility and universal aspirations,making it possible to develop a“literary culturology”that bridges literature and culture.