开端、更新与精神或灰烬——试论海德格尔论荷尔德林诗的历史意识

Beginning, Renewal and Spirit or Ashes:On Heidegger’s Historical Consciousness in His Discussions of Holderlin’s Poetry

海德格尔论荷林德林的诗在海德格尔存在哲学中占据着重要地位,然而也引起了极大的争议,争议主要集中在其中是否隐含着海德格尔要投身现实的“战斗精神”上。本文并未把这一争议视为重要主题,而是去思考,海德格尔存在哲学如此玄奥的思想如何与他意识到的历史深度发生关联。这种关联方式是通过对诗的阐释表达出来的,存在哲学把荷尔德林的诗意与一个民族面对决定性的历史时刻,开启新的未来放置在同一时间关节点上。在这里,诗性与历史、哲思乃至于政治,建构起一个在世的“历史性的此在”,这种哲思触及的历史意识与诗性领悟的深刻结合是值得我们去探究的。本文还涉及德里达对海德格尔关于“精神”相关思想的解构,这一拆解如此精辟又精要,它确实有力地穿透了海德格尔的“历史意识”。所有这些都对我们历经的20世纪乃至于我们今天置身于其中的世界历史不无启迪意义。

Heidegger’s discussions of Holderlin’s poetry plays an important role in his philosophy of existence. However, it also sparks great controversies, which mainly focus on whether the Heideggerian interpretation implies Heidegger’s “Fighting Spirit” of devoting himself to reality. This article does not view such controversy as a theme of significance, but examines how such a convoluted thought in Heidegger’s philosophy of existence is related to the historical depth as he’s perceived. The relation is expressed through the interpretation of poetry, and the philosophy of existence places H9 lderlin’s poetry in the same critical temporal point when a nation faces a decisive historical moment for a new prospect. At this juncture, poetry is related to history, philosophical thinking and even politics, to construct a “historical Dasein” within this world. The paper explores the implications of how historical consciousness permeated with philosophical thinking is thoroughly combined with poetic understanding. This article also tackles the issue concerning Derrida’s deconstruction of Heidegger’s thoughts on “spirit, ” claiming that this action of Derris’ s has so incisively and subtly penetrated Heidegger’s “historical consciousness.”