美国工程教育发展历程探析——兼论工程教育二元分裂性

The Development of Engineering Education in the United States——On the Dualistic Split of Engineering Education

鉴于对理论或实践的侧重,考察美国工程教育发展历程,可以将其分为三个历史阶段:基于实践的工程教育模式、基于科学理论的工程教育模式、平衡实践与科学理论的工程教育模式。对美国工程教育发展历程探析发现,工程教育中的理论与实践如同天平的两端,天平失衡的根源来自于工程教育二元分裂性,即工程教育建立在理论和实践这一二元分裂的基石上。基于此,分析工程教育二元分裂性的内涵、表征,并提出破解工程教育二元分裂性困境的路径,为我国工程教育改革提供相关借鉴。

In view of the emphasis on theory or practice, the development of engineering education in the United States can be divided into three historical stages: the engineering education mode based on practice, the engineering education mode based on scientific theory, and the engineering education mode that balances practice and scientific theory. Through the analysis of the development process of engineering education in the United States, it is found that theory and practice in engineering education are like the two ends of the balance. The source of the imbalance of the balance comes from the dualistic split of engineering education, that is, engineering education is built on the basis of the dualistic split of theory and practice. Based on this, this paper analyzes the connotation and characterization of the dualistic split of engineering education, and proposes a path to solve the dilemma of the dualistic split of engineering education, so as to provide relevant references for the reform of engineering education in China.