职业技术大学招生现状、主要困境及对策

Status Quo of Enrollment,Main Dilemmas and Countermeasures of Vocational and Technical Universities

开展职业本科教育是彰显类型特征、加快构建现代职业教育体系的重大举措。通过对2021年开展招生的26所职业技术大学进行统计分析,发现21所民办职业技术大学中,只有6所一次性招满,而且省域之间、学校之间存在很大差异,主要是受到社会对职业教育和民办教育认可度低、招生专业设置不合理以及稳步发展职业本科教育存在一系列现实困境等多重因素影响。需要在国家层面加强规范与引导,在部省层面加强激励与监管,在校地层面加强协同与融合,持续提高职业教育适应性和职业本科吸引力,打造中国特色职业技术大学品牌。

Developing vocational undergraduate education is a major measure to highlight the characteristics of types and accelerate the construction of a modern vocational education system.According to a statistical analysis of the 26 vocational and technical universities that launched enrollment in 2021,it is found that among the 21 private vocational and technical universities,only 6 were full at one time.Moreover,there are great differences between provinces,regions and schools.This is mainly affected by multiple factors,namely,the society’s low recognition of vocational education and private education,the unreasonable setting of enrollment majors,and a series of practical dilemmas in the steady development of vocational undergraduate education.It is necessary to strengthen norms and guidance at the national level,enhance incentives and supervision at the ministerial and provincial levels,increase collaboration and integration at the campus level,and continuously improve the adaptability of vocational education and the attractiveness of vocational undergraduate education,so as to establish a brand of vocational and technical universities with Chinese characteristics.