基于口-肠轴菌群变化的宏基因组学及其技术在口腔疾病研究中的意义

Application of metagenomics in the study of oral diseasesbased on the flora changes of oral⁃gut axis

宏基因组学利用基因组学的研究策略与技术,对环境样品中所含全部微生物的遗传组成及其菌落功能进行研究,能有效突破传统微生物培养技术的局限性,为微生物群落的整体研究提供新的思路和方法。口腔和肠道是人体聚集大量微生物群落的重要部位,正常情况下菌群可维持各自的局部稳态;而口腔和肠道菌群的失衡不仅能导致局部组织病变,还能通过口-肠轴对全身其他系统产生致病作用。近年来,宏基因组学已逐渐被广泛运用于对口-肠轴相关口腔疾病的研究中,通过检测口腔与肠道菌群的组成与功能变化,分析其对口腔疾病可能产生的影响,有望为口-肠轴相关口腔疾病的发病机制提供新视角。本文就宏基因组学及其技术在口-肠轴相关口腔疾病研究的应用现状作一综述。

Using genomics techniques and strategies,metagenomics can be used to study the genetic composition and colony function of all microbiotas contained in environmental samples,which effectively break through the limitations of conventional microbiology culture and might provide new ideas or methods for the overall study of microbial communities in the body.The oral cavity and intestinal tract are important parts of the human body where a large number of microbial communities inhabit.Under normal condition,the microbial communities maintain local homeostasis in a healthy situation.However,the dysbacteriosis from oral⁃gut axis can not only lead to local tissue lesions in oral and intestine tract,but also might contribute to the pathological progress in other systems through the oral⁃gut axis.In recent years,metagenomics has been widely used to detect the composition and functional changes of microbial flora related to the oral⁃intestinal axis and analyze the possible role of dysbacteriosis in oral diseases.Hopefully,it can provide a new perspective for the study of pathogenesis of oral related diseases.This article reviewed the application of metagenomics in oral diseases related to the oral⁃gut axis.