班固《汉书》的“英雄观”

The “View of Heroes” of The History of the Western Han Dynasty of Ban Gu

《汉书》作为记录西汉历史的官方典籍,其“英雄观”值得关注。《汉书》的“英雄观”以封建正统思想为基础,奉扬“天命所授”,以圣明君王和治世能臣为“英雄”选录范畴,或以文字记述“英雄”言行,或以论赞称颂“英雄”功绩。就“英雄”标准而言,卓越功勋是帝王“英雄”的主要标准,人臣“英雄”则或以忠贞爱国,或以安汉有功,或以忠君勤恳,或以直言极谏而见录史籍。《汉书》的“英雄观”不仅是官方正统思想的体现,亦是时人“英雄”崇拜心理的表达。

As an official ancient book recording the History of the Western Han Dynasty, the “view of heroes” of The History of the Western Han Dynasty deserves attention. The “view of heroes” in The History of the Western Han Dynasty is based on the feudal orthodox thought, upholds “the mandate of heaven” , and takes sage kings and capable officials in governing the world as the category of “heroes” , or records the words and deeds of “heroes” in words, or praises the achievements of “heroes” in theory. As far as “heroes” standards are concerned, outstanding meritorious service is the main standard of “heroes” of emperors, and “heroes” of ministers are recorded in historical records by virtue of loyalty and patriotism, by virtue of peace with the Han Dynasty, by virtue of loyalty to the monarch and diligence, or by virtue of outspoken advice. The “hero view” in The History of the Western Han Dynasty is not only the embodiment of the official orthodoxy, but also the expression of people’s “hero” worship psychology.