汉中等西南官话表疑问的“好A”类词

The InterrogativeWords of“Hao(好)A”in Southwest Mandarin such as Hanzhong Dialect

在汉中、南充等汉语方言中,“好”与单音节形容词构成表疑问的“好A”类词,用来询问数量、年龄、时间、程度等,用法与普通话中的“多A”类似。表疑问的“好A”类词在西南官话中大量存在,在江淮官话、兰银官话、中原官话等官话方言区以及湘语、赣语、吴语、客家话、土话、乡话等非官话方言区中也有分布,并形成了以西南官话、湘语为中心的辐射圈。表疑问的“好A”类词在文献中最早出现于明代,清代逐渐增多,多出现在南方作家的作品中。从移民史看,汉中等西南官话表疑问的“好A”类词来源于湘语。

The interrogative words of“Hao(好)A”are made up of“Hao(好)”and monosyllabic adjectives in Chinese dialects such as Hanzhong and Nanchong dialects,which are used to inquire about the number,age,time,extent,and the usage is similar to“Duo(多)A”in Mandarin.The interrogative words of“Hao(好)A”are abundant in southwest Mandarin,but are also distributed in Mandarin dialect areas,including Jianghuai Mandarin,Lanyin Mandarin and Zhongyuan Mandarin,as well as non-Mandarin dialect areas such as Xiang dialect,Gan dialect,Wu dialect,Hakka dialect,Tuhua dialect and Xianghua dialect.Moreover,the interrogative words of“Hao(好)A”form a radiation circle centering on southwest Mandarin and Xiang dialect.The interrogative words of“Hao(好)A”first appeared in the Ming Dynasty,and gradually increased in the Qing Dynasty,mostly appearing in the works of southern writers.From the perspective of immigration history,the interrogative words of“Hao(好)A”in southwest Mandarin such as Hanzhong dialect came from Xiang dialect.