论唐代的“行”与城市商业组织——以长安、洛阳为中心

On “Hang” and Urban Commercial Organizations in the Tang Dynasty: Focused on Chang’an and Luoyang

唐代的“行”在“市”之下,主要指同业店铺集聚区,是有别于“邸”“店”“肆”的重要市场单位。随着唐代坊市制度的松动和城市商业经济的发展,同业店铺集聚区“行”持续发展,具有同业组织性质的“行”遂从中产生。同业组织“行”在内外事务中表现出了彼时市场的独立性和自主性。而作为一“行”之首的“行头”,便是观察唐代“行”发展变化的重要切入点。探讨唐代“行”的发展变化,同样为研究唐宋时期社会经济的发展变化提供了一个重要的视角。

The business under the“Shi”(market), the“Hang”(guild) in the Tang Dynasty mainly refers to the cluster district of stores in the same trade or business, which is an important market unit different from“Di”(store),“Dian”(shop) and“Si”(shops). With the loosening of the market system in the Tang Dynasty and the development of urban commercial economy, the“Hang”as cluster district of stores in the same trade or business continued to develop, and the“Hang”with the nature of trade association came into being. The Trade Organization“Hang”showed the independence and autonomy of the market at that time in internal and external affairs. As the head of a“Hang”, the“Hang Tou”(head of Hang) is an important entry point to observe the development and changes of“Hang”in the Tang Dynasty. Exploring the development and changes of“Hang”in the Tang Dynasty also provides an important perspective for studying the social and economic development and change in the Tang and Song dynasties.