“叙旧”与“礼新”——春秋时期晋国用人政策述论

“Xu Jiu” and “Li Xin” ——Discussion of the Jin Kingdom’s staffing policy in the Spring and Autumn period

晋献公之后,晋无公族,为此,晋文公提出了以“叙旧”与“礼新”为核心的用人政策。晋文公对用人政策的改革,并未摆脱血缘观念和世卿世禄制的羁绊,仍然使用旧臣执政,因此产生“政在家门”的现象。然而,到了春秋中后期,卿大夫为了适应兼并斗争的需要,开始广泛招揽人才,出现了众多来自异国和异族的新臣,与此同时,在任人原则和官职授予方面,旧臣与新臣的界限逐渐消失,真正实现了“亲疏一也”。晋国在用人政策上的进步,最终决定了晋国的命运迥异于固守宗法分封制下重用同姓亲族的诸侯国。

There has been no royal clan in the Jin Kingdom since Duke Xian of Jin. Therefore,Duke Wen of Jin put forward staffing policy that was centred on“Xu Jiu”and“Li Xin”. However,Duke Wen of Jin’s reform of staffing policy didn’t get rid of fetter of consanguinity and hereditary system. He still allowed the old bureaucrats to hold power, which led to the phenomenon that Qingdafu was in power. However, in order to adapt to the needs of the merger struggle, Qingdafu started to solicit talents in the late Spring and Autumn period. A number of new bureaucrats who came from other nations and clans appeared in Qingdafu’s clan. At the same time, the boundaries between new bureaucrats and old bureaucrats in the aspect of the principles of appointment and conferring of official positions gradually disappeared. The staffing policy applied equally to people close or distant by blood. Jin Kingdom’s progressive staffing policy decided that Jin Kingdom’s destiny was different from the vassal states which appointed royal clan under the system of patriarchal and enfeoffment during the Spring and Autumn period.