“士”的身份认同与桐城派转向

The Identity of Scholars and the Turning of Tongcheng School

受易代的遗民心态和桐城派自身的“利禄观”影响,桐城派在身份认同上呈现出一种尴尬的境况。为摆脱尴尬,桐城派尝试借政治权力、循官方渠道实现经世理想、通过个人著述实现学术理想。桐城派以科举、教育、交游的方式,进入到一个以“士”为核心、以“仕”为手段的“士”的共同体意识形成和壮大的时期,并完成了以“学术思想”为起点,以“改造社会”为终点的“士”的身份认同。这标志着桐城派由单一的散文流派转向学术思想学派。这种转向在一定程度上实现了“以己鉴他”式的兼综融汇,即经典重读和文史互参。

Influenced by the mentality of the remnants during turbulent dynasty and“views on wealth and position”,Tongcheng school presents an ambiguous identity.In order to get rid of this embarrassment,Tongcheng school intended to realize their ideals for the world through political power and official approaches,as well as to achieve academic ideals through their literary works.By means of imperial examinations,education and social intercourse,Tongcheng’s community consciousness of“scholars”was formed and strengthened from individuals to groups with“scholars”as the core and“officials”as the means.The identity of“scholars”was completed which was starting from“academic thought”and ending with“reformation of society”.It marked the turning point of Tongcheng school from an individual prose school to an academic school.This turning achieved a comprehensive integration in the style of“observing others”.There are two manifestations,namely the re-reading of classics and the mutual reference between literature and history.