动态低O_(2)和高CO_(2)气调处理对“Bartlett”梨乙烯生成和货架品质的影响

Effect of Dynamic Low-O_(2) and High-CO_(2) Modified Atmosphere Treatments on Ethylene Production and Shelf Quality of‘Bartlett’Pears

该研究旨在与商业气调(O_(2)=2.25%且CO_(2)<0.10%)比较,探究动态气调(O_(2)=0.90%~1.25%且CO_(2)=0.06%~0.17%)对“Bartlett”梨贮藏中实时乙烯数量以及两次出库包装后(2019年12月3日和2020年1月21日)在20℃贮藏1和5 d各气调库中不同果园梨果实品质和生理病害发生的影响。通过实时乙烯数量与褐斑病发病率之间的关系,预测动态气调处理的果实最适出库包装时间。与商业气调库中(CA 23)6个果园果实相比,动态气调库(CA 24)中6个果园果实在贮藏过程中乙烯数量减少了42.12%,在20℃贮藏1和5 d后能显著抑制果皮叶绿素降解(p<0.05)以及贮藏5 d后褐斑病发生(p<0.05),但对果实乙烯生成率、出库硬度、软化能力、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸降解影响不显著。在第二次出库包装时,CA 23平均褐斑病发病率为30.00%(已达到商业不可接受范围30.00%),但CA 24为17.04%。通过实时乙烯数量与褐斑病发病率之间的线性规律,得出在2020年3月7日CA 24平均褐斑病发病率为30.00%。相比与商业气调,动态气调可延长1个月果实寿命,使其更具商业应用价值。

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dynamic controlled atmosphere(O_(2)=0.90%~1.25%and CO_(2)=0.06%~0.17%)on the real-time ethylene content of'Bartlett'pears in comparison with commercial controlled atmosphere(CA)(O_(2)=2.25%and CO_(2)<0.10%).The effects of each controlled atmosphere on the fruit quality and physiological disease occurrence for the fruits from different orchards stored at 20℃for 1 day and 5 days after being taken out from the storage chamber for packaging(December 3,2019 and January 21,2020).Based on the relationship between the real-time ethylene quantity and the incidence of brown spot disease,the optimal timing for taking the fruit out of the dynamic controlled atmosphere for packaging was predicted.Compared to the pears from 6 orchards in the commercial CA room(CA 23),the ethylene content of the pears from 6 orchards in the dynamic CA room(CA 24)decreased by 42.12%during storage.The dynamic CA treatment significantly inhibited the degradation of peel chlorophyll(p<0.05)after 1 and 5 d of storage at 20℃,and the incidence of brown spots after 5 d of storage at 20℃(p<0.05),whilst causing no changes in the ethylene production rate,fruit firmness,softening potential,soluble solids content,and titratable acid.Upon the second out-for-packing,the average incidence of brown spots for the fruits in CA 23 was 30.00%(which reached the commercially unacceptable range,30.00%),whilst the average incidence of brown spots for the fruits in CA 24 was 17.04%.According to the linear relationship between the real-time ethylene cumulative quantity and the incidence of brown spots,the average incidence of brown spots for the fruits in CA 24 would be 30.00%on March 7,2020.Compared to the commercial CA treatment,the dynamic CA treatment extends the fruit storage life by 1 month,indicating that the dynamic CA treatment is more valuable for commercial applications.