营养包信息传播对农村地区不同代际婴幼儿看护人营养包喂服行为的影响

Effect of Information Communication on Micronutrient Powders(or Yingyangbao)Feeding Behaviors of Different Generations of Baby Caregivers in Rural Areas

目的了解西南地区某省儿童营养改善项目地区营养包信息传播现状,探究信息传播途径和传播内容对不同代际婴幼儿看护人营养包喂服行为的影响。方法2019年10月,采用多阶段随机整群抽样抽取西南地区某省6个县(2个汉族县、2个藏族县、2个彝族县)的36个乡的108个村,整群纳入6~24月龄婴幼儿的看护人进行面对面问卷访谈,共纳入816对婴幼儿及其看护人。问卷内容包括婴幼儿及看护人社会人口学特征、营养包信息传播途径和传播内容、看护人营养包喂服情况。采用多因素logistic回归分析营养包信息传播对不同代际看护人营养包有效喂服行为的影响。结果看护人营养包信息获取途径有医生(85.66%)、周围人群(15.81%)、纸质材料和大众媒体(4.78%),获取的信息内容包括营养包是免费的(37.50%)、使用方法(49.26%)、好处(57.84%)。看护人营养包知晓率为89.95%、营养包益处知晓率为69.73%、领取率为84.07%、正确使用率为68.26%、营养包总体有效喂服率为49.14%。祖辈看护人营养包有效喂服率(59.07%)高于父辈看护人(45.08%)(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,对于父辈看护人,营养包信息传播途径为医生〔比值比(OR)=2.20,95%可信区间(CI):1.13~4.31)〕,信息传播内容为营养包使用方法(OR=1.80,95%CI:1.19~2.73)、营养包好处(OR=2.40,95%CI:1.61~3.57)是营养包有效喂服的促进因素,而营养包免费(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.38~0.87)是营养包有效喂服的不利因素。对于祖辈看护人,营养包信息传播途径为医生(OR=2.95,95%CI:1.12~7.76),信息传播内容为营养包使用方法(OR=2.86,95%CI:1.34~6.09)是营养包有效喂服的促进因素。结论本研究地区看护人接受的营养包信息传播渠道以医生面对面讲解为主,信息传播内容主要涉及“营养包免费”“营养包使用方法”“营养包好处”三方面。营养包信息传播渠道和传播内容对父辈和祖辈看护人喂服行为的影响存在差异。未来研究可针对不同代际人群特点制定针对性的干预策略,以改善看护人营养包的喂服行为。

Objective To evaluate the status of information communication concerning micronutrient powders(MNP),or yingyangbao in Pinyin,the Chinese Romanization system,in areas covered by the Child Nutrition Improvement Project in a province in southwest China,and to investigate the effect of different communication channels and message communicated on the feeding behaviors of different generations of caregivers.Methods In October 2019,6 counties,including two counties with predominantly Han population,two counties with substantial Tibetan population,and two counties with substantial Yi population,were selected from a province in southwest China through multistage random cluster sampling.A total of 816 pairs of babies and their caregivers from 108 villages in 36 townships were enrolled for the study.The age of the babies ranged between 6 months to 24 months.A structured questionnaire concerning the demographic data of the babies and their caregivers,the communication channel of information on MNP and the message communicated,and the caregivers’MNP feeding behaviors was designed to collect data through face-toface interviews.Logistic regression was done to analyze the effect of MNP information communication on the feeding behaviors of caregivers from different generations.Results Caregivers acquired information on MNP from village and township physicians(85.66%),surrounding populations(15.81%),and brochures and mass media(4.78%).The messages they received included the free availability of MNP(37.50%),feeding methods(49.26%),and the benefits of giving babies MNP(57.84%).Among the caregivers,89.95%knew about the availability of MNP,69.73%were aware of the benefits,and 84.07%actually received MNP.The correct feeding rate was 68.26%and the total effective feeding rate was 49.14%.The effective feeding rate of caregivers of the grandparents'generation(59.07%)was higher than that of the caregivers of the parents'generation(45.08%)(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis suggested that,for caregivers of the parents'generation,information communication channel of village and township physicians(odds ratio[OR]=2.20,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.13-4.31)and communication messages on feeding methods(OR=1.80,95%CI:1.19-2.73)and benefits of MNP(OR=2.40,95%CI:1.61-3.57)facilitated their effective feeding behavior,while communication message concerning the free availability of MNP(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.38-0.87)inhibited their effective feeding behavior.For caregivers of the grandparents'generation,information communication channel of village and township physicians(OR=2.95,95%CI:1.12-7.76)and communication messages on the feeding methods(OR=2.86,95%CI:1.34-6.09)were facilitating factors of their effective feeding behaviors.Conclusion The main channel of MNP information delivered to caregivers from the areas covered by the study was face-to-face explanation by doctors.The message communicated mainly involved three aspects--the administration method,the benefits and free availability of MNP.The channel and message of MNP information communnication had different effects on the feeding behaviors of caregivers of the parents'and grandparents'generations.Future research should focus on developing targeted information communication strategies according to the characteristics of populations from different generations,so as to improve the caregivers'feeding behavior.