薄荷醇提取土化遗存去除方法研究

Research of Menthol Removal Method on Earthen Remains

薄荷醇是近年来新兴的考古出土文物提取材料,用于脆弱文物的临时固型。薄荷醇常用于提取土化遗存,因不同地区考古工地土质性质差别较大,所以薄荷醇的使用方法需要根据文物出土实际情况做出调整,后期去除薄荷醇也需要差异化处理。该研究以山西大河口西周墓地黄土、江西国字山战国墓地黏土以及南海I号南宋古沉船的海泥为对象,分别代表北方黄土、南方黏土和海泥进行研究,评估5种不同的薄荷醇去除方法对三种土样外观形态的影响,发现自然挥发是去除薄荷醇较好的方法。将自然挥发方法用于去除秦俑红烧土席纹压痕和生漆彩绘土压痕上的薄荷醇,结果表明,薄荷醇去除后土压痕和彩绘的外观、孔隙结构等都没有变化,说明该方法比较安全有效。该研究将为去除其他土化遗存上的薄荷醇提供借鉴。

In recent years,menthol is becoming a novel extraction material for fragile artifact at archaeological excavation site,which is used as temporary consolidant.Menthol is often used to extract earthen remains/relics.The soil properties of archaeological sites very greatly in different regions,so the using guide of menthol needs to be adjusted according to the actual situation of artifacts,and the removal method of menthol in the laboratory also needs differentiated treatment.In this study,the loess from the Western Zhou cemetery at Dahekou,Shanxi,the clay from the Warring States tomb at Guozishan,Jiangxi,and the marine mud from the Southern Song Dynasty shipwreck,namely Nanhai No.I,representing northern loess,southern clay,and sea mud respectively,were used to assess the effects of five different menthol removal methods.Based on the appearance change before and after menthol treatment of three soil samples,it is found that natural volatilization is a better method for removing menthol on earthen remains in the laboratory.This method was used to remove the menthol on the red⁃burned clay with mat pattern and polychrome terracotta remain,and the results show that after the removal of menthol,the appearances and pore structure and distribution of these earthen relics were not changed,indicating that menthol and the removal method both are safe and effective.This research will provide a reference for the removal on other earthen remains by menthol extraction.