故宫奉先殿彩画地仗制作材料及工艺研究

Material and Technic Analysis for Plaster Layer of Colored Paintings from Fengxian Hall in the Forbidden City

故宫奉先殿是明清两代皇帝祭祀祖先的家庙,保留了为数不多的清初彩画,是研究清初彩画的珍贵实物。该研究通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱、热裂解气相色谱-质谱、X射线衍射、同步热分析仪、碘显色法等多种分析方法首次对奉先殿前殿内檐彩画的地仗样品进行制作材料和工艺研究,发现奉先殿地仗中无机物主要有砖灰、石灰,有机物有桐油、淀粉,未检测出血料,研究结果与文献所载清代官式做法一致。该研究是首次对奉先殿彩画地仗的科学分析,是对稀有清初官式彩画地仗研究的有益补充。

Fengxian Hall is an ancestral worship hall inside the Forbidden city where the emperor’s family of the Ming and Qing Dynasties offered sacrifices to their ancestors. Fengxian Hall preserves a few extant colored paintings of early Qing dynasty,which is the precious material to study the decorative paintings art in this period.The plaster layer of colored painting were sampling from the front hall of the Fengxian Hall,which were analyzed and identified for the first time by means of microscopic observation,SEM-EDS,infrared spectroscopy,Py-GC/MS,XRD,TG and iodometry. The results show that there are both inorganic substance and organic substance in the plaster layer. The inorganic materials include brick dust and lime. The organic materials include tung oil and starch,however,no blood was found. The results are in keeping with ancient literature record. As this is the first time to analysis the plaster layer of colored painting from Fengxian Hall,it is a useful complement to rare study related to plaster layer of colored painting in early Qing Dynasty.