美洲植物的跨洋传播及其意义——以金鸡纳树在云南的引种为例(1931-1945)

The Transoceanic Spread of American Medicinal Plants and its Significance:Taking the Introduction and Popularization of Cinchona in Yunnan as an Example(1931-1945)

金鸡纳树原产于南美洲,其枝皮与根皮可以制成防治疟疾和解热退烧的良药。中国大陆地区自20世纪20年代末开始引种金鸡纳树。1933年,云南河口热带作物试验场首次试种成功。利用档案文献探析云南引种金鸡纳树的历程,可见引种美洲药用植物具有重要的医疗价值,同时蕴含着深刻的社会意义。在20世纪30年代前期,金鸡纳是中国摆脱药物对外依赖,杜塞国家漏卮的经济作物;自全面抗战爆发后,金鸡纳成为支援抗战、加强国魂的军事战略物资,金鸡纳树引种被赋予时代之使命。而中国一批植物学家与技术人员对金鸡纳的科学研究与实践,推动了近代外来植物知识体系的建构,故金鸡纳的引种又具有重要的科技价值与意义。

Cinchona is native to South America. Its bark and root bark can be used as a good medicine for malaria control and fever abatement.Cinchona trees have been introduced in the mainland of China since the end of1920s. In 1933,Cinchona was successfully planted for the first time in the tropical crop experiment field in the estuary of Yunnan Province.From the perspective of substance cultural history to analyze the introduction process of Cinchona tree in Yunnan,we can find that the introduction of Cinchona tree is not simply to meet the medical needs. In the early 1930s,Cinchona was an economic crop to get rid of drug dependence and make up for the country’s huge shortage.Since the outbreak of the comprehensive counter-Japanese war,cinchona has become a military strategic material to support the counter-Japanese war and strengthen national strength. Although the medicinal value of the cinchona tree has been throughout the introduction process,cinchona is not only a medicinal plant,but its value has been continuously constructed by the times,from the medical field to the economic field and the political field.