复杂步行环境中“低头族”障碍物感知与周边视觉补偿研究

Obstacle Perception Ability Analysis of Phubbers in the Complex Walking Environment Based on Human Factors

目的为过街看手机“低头族”群体的行人安全和步行环境的改善提供理论依据。方法采用双重认知任务法和视觉心理实验法,选取24名被试在24种照明场景下分析“低头族”对不同周边视觉环境补偿措施(材质:闪灯、闪粉和涂料;颜色:蓝色和黄色)改造后的障碍物感知能力。结果(1)高照度(15 lx)时“低头族”的周边视觉反应能力优于低照度(2 lx)水平(闪粉和涂料);(2)高压钠灯(HPS:S/P=0.57)和金卤灯(MH:S/P=1.77)的障碍物探测率对蓝色闪粉和蓝色涂料两种障碍物识别具有显著性差异,且在金卤灯下的准确率更高;(3)蓝色闪灯下的周边视觉反应能力均明显高于黄色闪灯;(4)闪灯的警示作用最强,且不受路面照度水平和光源类型的影响。结论环境照度和光源类型、材质和颜色均对“低头族”的视觉感知能力有显著的影响,建议对改善“低头族”步行安全和建设行人过街提醒装置需要考虑照度及光源类型等要素设计。

Objective This paper provides a theoretical basis for the improvement of pedestrian safety and walking environment of the group of"phubbers"who are watching mobile phones across the street.Methods Using dual cognitive task method and visual psychological experiment method,24 participants were selected to analyze the obstacle perception ability of"phubbers"after different compensation measures for peripheral visual environment(materials:flashing lights,flashing powder and paint;colors:blue and yellow).Results(1)The peripheral visual response of“Phubbers”at high illumination(15 lx)is better than that at low illumination(2 lx)levels(glitter and paint);(2)The obstacle detection rate of high pressure sodium lamp(HPS:S/P=0.57)and metal halide lamp(MH:S/P=1.77)is significantly different for blue glitter and blue paint,and the accuracy rate is higher under the metal halide lamp;(3)The peripheral visual response ability under the blue flashing light is significantly higher than that under the yellow flashing light;(4)The warning effect of the flashing light is the strongest,and it is not affected by the road illumination level and the type of light source.Conclusion Ambient illuminance and light source type,material and color all have a significant impact on the visual perception ability of"phubbers".It is suggested that factors such as illuminance and light source type should be considered in the design of improving the walking safety of"phubbers"and the construction of pedestrian crossing reminder devices.