广东野生珍稀濒危南药植物资源调查研究

Investigation on Wild Rare and Endangered Southern Chinese Medical Plant Resources in Guangdong

广东是南药植物的重要原产地之一,具有丰富的野生药用植物资源,但以往针对野生珍稀濒危南药资源的调查研究不够全面。通过样线法和核实法,对广东64个自然保护地进行野外实地调查,记录到野生珍稀濒危南药植物30科38属38种,以金毛狗分布最广、数量最多(64处21 350株);苏铁蕨16处1 314株和绣球茜3处1 302株位居第2、第3位,其余种类数量均少于1 000株。广布种仅金毛狗,无常见种,少见种仅桫椤,罕见种31种占比超过80%。严重濒临灭绝和濒临灭绝的种类分别有21种和12种,合计超过80%,只有金毛狗和苏铁蕨为低危种。总体上,珍稀濒危的种类数量较多,分布点偏少,种群数量偏少;尤其是药用价值较高的短萼黄连、金耳环、走马胎等数量极少。建议加强对这些野生资源的就地保护、迁地保护、科研研究和宣传教育。

Guangdong is one of the important origin of southern medicinal plants,is rich in wild medicinal plant resources,but the previous research on wild rare and endangered southern medicinal resources is not comprehensive enough. By using the sampling line method and verification method,the field investigation of 64 protected natural areas in Guangdong were investigated,and 38 species belonging to 38 genera and 30 families of rare and endangered southern medicinal plants were recorded,with the largest number of Cibotium barometz(21 350 individuals in 64 sites),1 314 individuals in 16 sites of Brainea insignis and 1 302 individuals in 3 sites of Dunnia sinensis,ranked second and third,respectively,and the numbers of remaining species were less than 1 000 individuals. Only one species of Cibotium barometz was wide-distribution,there was no common species,one species of Alsophila spinulosa was rare-distribution species,there were 31 critically-rare-distribution species accounted for more than 80%. There were 21 and 12 critically endangered species and endangered species,respectively,accounting in total for more than 80%,with only Cibotium barometz and Brainea insignis were low-risk species. In general,there were many rare and endangered species,few distribution sites and small populations,especially the numbers of high medical valuable species were very few,such as Coptis chinensis var. brevisepala,Asarum insigne,Ardisia gigantifolia. It is suggested to strengthen the local protection,ex situ protection,scientific research,publicity and education on these wild resources.