结构-过程视角下中国乡-村关系的演进与展望

The Evolution and Prospect of China’s Township-Village Relationship from the Perspective of Structure-Process

“结构-过程”是中国政治分析的新范式。结构-过程视角下中国乡-村关系的整合性省察有助于对其变迁历程与演进前景作出更为深刻的判断。中国乡-村关系演进是结构与过程彼此调适、相互作用的结果。1949年新中国成立后,随着国家-社会关系结构变迁与乡村治理体制结构改革,在现实乡村治理过程中,中国乡-村关系先后经历了初步形成、动态探索与渐进调适三个阶段。其中在初步形成阶段,中国乡-村关系主要表征为行政命令型,而在动态探索过程中,以税费改革为界,中国乡-村关系实现了从利益诱导到情感运作的逻辑转变。基于全新的时代特征,在渐进调适环节,新一轮结构与过程的互动促使合作逻辑下信任均衡型乡-村关系日益生成,并因其遵循乡-村关系演进的一般规律而成为了乡-村关系发展的必然趋势。

Structure-Process is a new paradigm of Chinese political analysis.From the perspective of structure-process,the integrated examination of China’s township-village relationship is helpful to make a more profound judgment on its evolution courseand prospect.The article points out that the evolution of China’s township-village relationship is the result of the interaction and adjustment of structure and process.After the founding of New China in 1949,with the changes in the structure of the state-society relationship and there form of the rural governance system,in the process of rural governance,the rural-village relationship in China has under gone three stages,that is initial construction,dynamic explorations and gradual debugging.In the initial construction stage,China’s township-village relationship is mainly characterized by an administrative command,and in the process of dynamic explorations,with the tax and fee reform as the boundary,China’s township-village relationship has realized alogicaltrans formation from interest-induction to emotional operation.Based on the new characteristics of the times,in the gradual debugging stage,because of the interaction of structure and process,the trust-balanced relationship of township and village is increasingly formed,which is based on the cooperation logic.Because of following the evolution law of the township-village relationship,it has become an inevitable trend of the development of township-village relationship.