“长工歌”与《五姑娘》的关系

Relationship between“Changgong Song”and the Fifth Maiden

闽、浙、苏、沪四省市的长工歌,大致有两条脉络,一条是“正月里来正月中”,一条是“正月里来是新年”。钱塘江以南多唱“是新年”,钱塘江以北多唱“正月中”。巧合的是,浙北、苏南、沪西一带的长篇叙事山歌《五姑娘》首段首句也唱“是新年”,经初步分析与比较发现,浙北、苏南、沪西一带的《五姑娘》与浙东南一带的长工歌有很多相似性,极有可能是浙东南一带垦荒者到浙北、苏南、沪西之后与当地民间音乐相融合之后的产物。

The Changgong Songs in Fujian,Zhejiang,Jiangsu and Shanghai have two main lines,one is“zheng yue li lai zheng yue zhong”,and the other is“zheng yue li lai shi xin nian”.To the south of Qiantang River,“shi xin nian”is often sung,and to the north of Qiantang River,“zheng yue zhong”is often sung.Coincidentally,the first sentence of the first paragraph of the long narrative folk song the Fifth Maiden in northern Zhejiang,southern Jiangsu,and western Shanghai also sings“shi xin nian”.Through preliminary analysis and comparison,it is found that the Fifth Maiden in northern Zhejiang,southern Jiangsu,and western Shanghai have many similarities with the Changgong Song in southeastern Zhejiang,which is most likely the product of the integration of the wasteland reclamation workers in southeastern Zhejiang with local folk music after they arrived in northern Zhejiang,southern Jiangsu,and western Shanghai.