姜夔词与音乐关系探论

Research on the Relationship between Jiang Kui's Ci Poetry and Music

姜夔作为词人兼音乐家,善于将词境书写与音乐规范相结合。从词的意境内涵上看,音乐在姜夔词中被赋予了特殊意蕴,是其词心之寄托与情感之内化;姜夔在词中大量使用音乐类意象与情境,使得词境充溢着丰富的乐感,避免了词气的晦涩质实;从词调音乐来源上看,姜夔善于从雅乐、法曲中汲取词乐来源,以觱篥、箫、琴等乐器作为理想化的词乐演奏形态;姜夔采用按箫填词的创作方式,能更好地发挥宋词“低唱”之美,适应了南宋以来词律精严化的趋势;姜夔善于采用古琴音阶与旋律,并借鉴古琴品弦法创作词乐。概言之,在姜夔词中,词与音乐发挥着相互支撑的效用,共同促成了“清空雅正”词风之形成。

As a poet and musician,Jiang Kui was good at the combination of word writing and music standards.In terms of the text of Ci,music was the sustenance of Ci,and Jiang Kui's Ci was endowed with profound emotional implication.Music was an important part of Ci environment.Jiang Kui's description of music image and situation made Ci writing flow with elegant style.From the origin of melody,Jiang Kui was good at Piri,Xiao and Qin,which was used as ideal music playing form.Jiang Kui adopted the composing mode of filling Ci by Xiao,which could give full play to the beauty of“low singing”of Song Ci,and adapted to the trend of strict Ci poems since the Southern Song Dynasty.Jiang Kui used Qin scales and melodies to compose Ci music.In general,in Jiang Kui's Ci poetry,Ci and music supported each other.These factors contributed to the formation of the“Qing Kong”style.