泡沫铝复合材料的研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect of aluminum foam composites

泡沫铝复合材料具有质轻,比强度、比刚度高,良好的吸能、吸声、阻尼、隔热等优异性能,是一种新型的结构功能材料,被广泛应用于汽车、建筑、军工、航空航天等领域。泡沫铝复合材料常用的增强相有硬质陶瓷颗粒、纤维和空心微珠/钢球等,传统的制备技术有粉末冶金法、压力浸渗法、熔体渗流法和原位生成技术等。泡沫铝复合材料作为一种新型的结构功能材料,其压缩和吸能、吸声和阻尼性能受到了广泛关注。主要针对泡沫铝复合材料的增强相、制备工艺和主要性能等方面的研究进展进行了介绍,并对该材料的研究趋势进行了总结展望。

Aluminum foam composite is a new type of structural and functional material with light weight, high specific strength and stiffness, good sound and energy absorption, damping, heat insulation and other excellent properties. It is widely used in automobile, construction, military industry, aerospace and other fields. The commonly used reinforcements for aluminum foam composites are hard ceramic particles, fibers and cenosphere or hollow steel ball, etc. And the traditional preparation technology for this kind of material is powder metallurgy, pressure infiltration, melt flow method and in situ preparation technology, etc. The research progress in the reinforcements, preparation and performance of aluminum foam composites were introduced, and the development tendency of this kind of material is summarized and prospected.