明清以来国家控制下湖垸水利与地方社会治理——以湖北省沔阳县官湖垸为调查基点

Lake Water Conservancy and Local Social Governance Under State Control since Ming and Qing Dynasties:Taking Guanhuyuan in Mianyang County,Hubei Province as A Basis of Investigation

国家控制下的湖垸水利治理体制深受文化传统的影响。明清以来,地方通过成立乡绅群体构成的权威组织,制定垸课役工摊派制度,落实防汛岁修职责,举办水利仪式等,促使水利共同体的有效运作。随着国家权力下沉,公共财政支持力度增大,堤防管理组织日趋官僚化,官府频繁干预水利纠纷和强化水利信仰认同,致使垸内水利自治转变为行政治理。

The water conservancy governance system under state control is inseparable from the influence of a country’s cultural tradition.Historically,the local government promoted the effective operation of the water conservancy community by establishing an authoritative organization composed of rural gentry groups,formulating a system of labor assignments,implementing annual flood control and maintenance duties,and holding water conservancy ceremonies.With the sinking of state power,the increase of public financial support,the increasingly bureaucratic management organization of embankments,and the frequent intervention of the government in water disputes and the strengthening of water conservancy beliefs,the water conservancy autonomy within the embankment has been transformed into administrative governance.