日本高等教育有何“过人之处”

What Makes Japanese Higher Education "Superior"

日本科技的腾飞与其高等教育发展注重本土化改造有着紧密的内在联系,它是近现代日本高等教育发展的累积效应。本文从日本大学的“诺奖现象”和“实验室现象”两个视角切入,简略梳理了近代日本高等教育的发展过程。近代史上,我国与日本高等教育的起步时间相近,发展模式和路径相似,但从今日支撑科技进步及其创新人才培养的成效来看却存在明显的差距,其主要原因在于:日本在学习西方过程中十分重视高等教育的本土化改造,形成了鲜明的日本特征;在高等教育大众化进程中,注重保护精英教育;在市场经济冲击下,大学坚守人才培养的使命。我国处在构建高质量高等教育体系的新时代,急需满足“扎根中国大地办大学”的需求,可以从日本高等教育的发展中汲取经验。

The take-off of Japanese science and technology is closely related to the development of Japanese higher education with an emphasis on localization and transformation. It is the cumulative outcome of the development of modern Japanese higher education. This article compares the history and evolution of Japanese higher education from the perspectives of "The Nobel Prize phenomenon" and "laboratory phenomenon" of Japanese universities. The article argues that the reason is that Japan pays much attention to the localization and transformation of higher education in the process of learning from the West, which has formed distinctive Japanese characteristics;in the process of popularization of higher education, it pays attention to the protection of elite education;under the impact of market economy, universities adhere to the mission of talent cultivation. In the new era of building a high-quality higher education system in China, we need to focus on "running a university rooted in Chinese soil".