独立性视角下公共政策评估的主体建构和选择策略

Subject structure and selection strategy in policy evaluation from an independence perspective

基于独立性视角探讨政策评估的主体建构和选择策略。结构独立性考察框架由行政隶属关系、资源依赖度、评估资助方、项目委托方式、政策过程前期介入等五要素构成。运用该框架分析权威政策主体、政策研究组织、一般社会公众,每类主体都不是大一统式的存在,其内部结构复杂性意味着次级主体独立性上的差异。政策周期不同阶段的任务特性、资源约束和成本/收益考量构成政策评估的“情境属性”。主体建构和情境属性的结合,形成独立性视角下政策评估主体的选择策略,包括主体独立性内在要求、主体选择优先次序、其他考虑要素。西方国家强调政策评估独立性更多出于党派政治逻辑,我国强调独立性主要出于理性和科学逻辑。坚持政策评估的独立性原则是制度自信的表现。

This paper discusses the subject structure and selection strategy in policy evaluation from an independence perspective. The framework for independence inspection consists of five elements: administrative subordination, resource dependence, evaluation sponsorship, the way of contract award, and early involvement in the policy process. Using this framework to analyze authoritative policymaking entities, policy research organizations and the general public, we find that each type is not a unified existence, and the complexity of internal structure means different levels of independence for different secondary subjects. The task features at different policy stages, resource constraints and cost/benefit considerations constitute the contextual attributes of policy evaluation. The combination of subject structure and contextual attributes forms the selection strategy of policy evaluation from the perspective of independence, including the internal requirements for independence, selection order for policy evaluators and other considerations. The emphasis on independence in policy evaluation in Western countries is more out of the logic of party politics, while in China it is mainly out of rationality and science.Adhering to the principle of independence in policy evaluation should be regarded as a demonstration of institution confidence.