文化人类学视角下民国时期的乡村建设与乡村教育:以晏阳初、陶行知、梁漱溟为例

Rural construction and rural education during the Republic of China in the view of Cultural anthropology: Case study of Yan yangchu,Tao xingzhi and Liang shuming

民国时期的乡村建设和乡村教育形成了不同的实践模式和丰富的思想流派。其中,晏阳初、陶行知和梁漱溟在乡村教育、卫生、经济和自治组织等方面的思想建设和实践成果丰硕。三位学者的思想都具有文化人类学的学科特征,均以文化改造为目的,强调用整体主义的思维方式推进乡村建设,并能够以“文化持有者的内部视界”看待乡村文化,以长期的田野调查考察乡村社会。今天,在乡村振兴中,知识分子理应要承担起责任和使命,引领作为乡村振兴主体的农民发挥作用,以系统化、整体性的农村教育高质量发展为乡村振兴提供动力。

There were varied patterns and thoughts of rural construction during the Republic of China. Yan yang-chu,Tao xingzhi and Liang shuming focused on rural education,public health,economic development and social governance and achieved fruitful results on practice and thoughts. Their thoughts and practice have the characteristics of cultural anthropology. Their common and core target was cultural reconstruction with the inner vision of culture holders. They implemented rural construction in the view of holism with long-term field works in rural society. The intellectual elites should take their duty and lead farmers during the rural revitalization. Under the lead of the intellectual elites,educational researchers and practitioners can promote systematic and holistic rural education with high-quality to provide the intellectual supports to rural revitalization.