建国以来我国农村土地制度的历史分析及政策建议

Historical Analysis and Policy Suggestions on China’s Rural Land System Since the Founding of the PRC

以1949年新中国成立后的农村土地制度的历史演变为主轴,分析各阶段我国农村土地制度制定的现实背景,找出农村土地制度变迁中存在的相关的问题,即农村土地制度概念界定不清、主体虚位现象严重;现有土地管理与征用制度不完善,严重侵害农民权益;细碎化的土地所有权制度落后于未来现代农业发展要求,亟需得到改变。因此,结合我国现有土地所有权制度存在的问题提出了完善我国农村土地所有权制度的建议,即尊重农民主体地位,保护农民土地承包经营权及收益权;以法替俗,保障农民土地利益;紧跟时代,推动传统组织模式向满足未来乡村振兴需要转变,为我国农村土地制度未来新发展提供一个可资借鉴的方向。

Taking the historical evolution of the rural land system after the founding of PRC in 1949 as the main axis,this paper analyzes the realistic background of the formulation of the rural land system in various stages,and finds out the relevant problems in the changes of the rural land system,that is,the concept of the rural land system is not clearly defined,and the phenomenon of the main body vacancy is serious.The existing land management and expropriation system is not perfect,which seriously infringes upon the rights and interests of farmers.The fragmented land ownership system lags behind the requirements of modern agricultural development in the future and needs to be changed urgently.Therefore,based on the existing problems of the land ownership system in China,this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the rural land ownership system in China,that is,to respect the dominant position of farmers and protect their land contractual management rights and income rights,replacing customs with law to protect farmers’land interests,keep abreast of the times,promote the transformation of the traditional organizational model to meet the needs of rural revitalization in the future,and provide a reference direction for the new development of China’s rural land system in the future.