日本对华认知的演进脉络及典型特征

The Evolution and Typical Characteristics of Japan’s Cognition of China

中日邦交正常化50年来,日本对华认知的演进脉络大致可分为三个阶段:“情感认知”主导下的友好合作(1972—1992年),战略防范视域中的互动博弈(1992—2012年),竞争协调转换期的战略制衡(2012—2022年)。日本对华认知的形成深受国际环境的变化、国家实力的消长、价值观念的迥异、地缘博弈的加剧、同盟体制的变化、区域合作的对冲及全球竞争的激化等多重变量因素影响,在不同阶段展现出特色各异的典型特征:依托冷战时代后期的“建设性接触”理念,中国被日本塑造为“朋友”角色;基于后冷战时代的“战略性防范”意识,日本将中国界定为互利合作的“伙伴”角色;因循新时代的“全方位制衡”思维,日本战略视野中逐步将中国设定为“对手”角色。半个世纪的日本对华认知光谱,呈现出斑驳陆离的交错样貌,绘制成一幅集理性认知、主观误读及负面想象于一体的错综复杂的总体认知图景。

In the 50 years since the normalization of China-Japan diplomatic relations,the evolution of Japan’s cognition toward China can be roughly divided into three stages:friendly cooperation led by emotional cognition(1972-1992),interactive game from the perspective of strategic prevention(1992-2012),and strategic balance in the transition period of competition and coordination(2012-2022).The formation of Japan’s cognition of China is deeply influenced by multiple variables such as the change in the international environment,the ebb,and flow of national strength,the different values,the fierce geopolitical game,the change of alliance system,the hedging of regional cooperation and the intensification of global competition.It shows different typical characteristics in different stages:Based on the concept of"constructive engagement"in the late Cold War era,China was cast as a"friend"by Japan.Based on the consciousness of"strategic preparedness"in the post-Cold War era,Japan defines China as a"partner"in mutually beneficial cooperation.Following the thinking of"all-round checks and balances"in the new era,Japan has gradually set China as an"adversary"in its strategic vision.After half a century,the spectrum of Japanese cognition towards China shows a patchwork pattern,drawing a complex overall cognitive picture that integrates rational cognition,subjective misinterpretation and negative imagination.