论授权资本制下认缴制的去与留

On the Abolishment or Retention of Subscription System under Authorized Capital System

2021年公布的《公司法(修订草案)》将我国股份有限公司的公司资本制度改为授权资本制,同时保留了认缴制。认缴制和授权资本制的推行具有相同的制度背景和制度意旨,目的均在于缓解法定资本制过于严苛的不足,功能上具有替代性;但二者的运作机理和制度逻辑不同,认缴制重在突出股东的出资自主权,授权资本制则更看重公司的融资自主权。目前公司法草案中将两种制度杂糅在一起的制度设计,不仅不能达到功能互补或增强的效果,反而叠床架屋,增加立法和法律适用成本。更重要的是,认缴制的继续保留会加大股东出资自主权和公司融资权之间的张力,折损授权资本制提高公司融资效率的制度功能,增加无谓纠纷,加大公司治理难度,浪费宝贵的司法资源。应当摈弃认缴制,回归到实缴制,以充分发挥授权资本制的优势和功能。

The Company Law(Revised Draft) promulgated in 2021 changes the corporate capital system,while retaining the subscription system.The implementation of subscription system and authorized capital system is much similar in institutional background and purpose.In this regard,the two are functionally alternative.At present,the system design in the draft mixes the two systems together,which can not achieve the effect of complementary functions or enhancement.On the contrary,the revised draft “pile one bed upon another”,thus further increasing the cost of legislation and law application.More importantly,if the subscription system continues to be retained,it will increase the tension between shareholders’ investment autonomy and corporate fi nancing rights,undermine the institutional function of authorized capital system to improve corporate fi nancing e ffi ciency.the subscription system should be abandoned and returned to the paidin capital system.