参照国际规则的反兴奋剂立法模式研究

On the Anti-Doping’s Legislative Model of Reference to International Rules

为回应“坚持统筹推进国内法治与涉外法治”以及世界反兴奋剂治理统一秩序的要求,我国反兴奋剂立法采用了具有特殊性的参照国际规则立法模式。该模式的特殊性表现在:国内反兴奋剂规范的制定和适用参照国际规则和国际标准;在立法目的中明示参照国际规则和国际标准制定;实际参照不具有强制力的国际反兴奋剂最佳实施模式和指南;依据国际规则外文版本而非中文版本进行解释。该模式并非示范立法模式仍属国际法转化立法模式,其产生源自国家所应承担《世界反兴奋剂条例》原则中的公法义务及《世界反兴奋剂条例》规则中的私法义务。该模式具有更重视运动员权利保护、更关注完善权利救济机制、更尊重权利保障主体地位的价值。为深化该模式的理论探讨和实践探索,新《中华人民共和国体育法》设立专章,落实反兴奋剂管制的国家、组织责任和个人义务。

In response to the requirements of the coherent promotion of the domestic and foreign-related rule of law and the world anti-doping system,domestic anti-doping legislation has adopted a unique “Reference to International Rules” legislative model.The particularities of this model are as follows:the formulation and application of domestic anti-doping rules refer to international rules and standards;the legislative purpose clauses refer to international rules and standards in an explicit way;the rules refer to the non-compulsive international anti-doping best implementation and guidelines;interpretation of rules are based on the foreign language version rather than the Chinese version of international rules.This model is not a demonstrative model but still a transformational model,which originates from the public law obligations from WADC’s principles and the private law obligations from WADC’s rules that the state should undertake.This model has the value of protecting athletes’ rights,improving the right relief mechanisms,and respecting CHINDA’s legal position.In order to deepen the theoretical and practical exploration of this mode,it is necessary to set up a special chapter in the Sports Law of the People’s Republic of China which stipulates the national and sports organizations’ responsibilities and individual obligations of anti-doping control.