评价、评估、考核、监测:教育评价若干同位概念辨析及启示

Evaluation,Assessment,Appraisal and Monitoring:Discrimination and Enlightenment of Several Appositive Concepts of Educational Evaluation

清晰的概念体系是教育评价建构理论知识、开展常规实践的逻辑前提。而当前,我国在评价、评估、考核、监测的概念界定上却存在客体指向模糊、功能定位不明、指标体系繁杂等问题。为解蔽这一困局,本研究对上述概念进行了深层辨析。评价是通过分析与教育项目相关的事实、问题和建议,衡定教育项目的价值属性,确保教育项目驶于正确的价值轨道;评估是依据学生认知技能和非认知技能的发展状况,检析学生的学习成就,助力学生提高学习成效;考核是凭借教师的教学实绩,判别教师的工作绩效,驱动教师改善教学质量;监测是通过动态、实时、全面地采集教育系统的运行数据,为教育决策提供证据支持,以增强教育治理的科学性。因此在教育评价单一实践中,应恪守概念的同一性;在教育评价专业领域内,须达成概念的统一性;在教育评价本土化建设时,当兼顾概念的国际性。

The clear concept is the logical basis of educational evaluation research and practice.However,there are some problems in the definition of evaluation,assessment,appraisal and monitoring in China,including vague object-orient and functional-orient,multifarious index system.In order to resolve this predicament,the concepts system of education evaluation are differentiated and analyzed.The results revealed that the evaluation estimates the value attribute of the education program by analyzing the facts,problems and suggestions related to the education program,to ensures that the education program is on the right track of value;Based on the development of students′cognitive skills and non-cognitive skills,the assessment examines students′learning achievements,to helps students improve their learning effectiveness;The appraisal judges the teachers’performance based on the teachers’teaching performance and drives the teachers to improve the quality of teaching;Through the comprehensive and continuous collection of educational quality operation data,the monitoring provides evidence support for educational decision-making so that enhances the scientific education governance.This demonstrates that the concepts system of education evaluation is not in a chaotic state,but has a clear definition.And in the single practice of educational evaluation,the consistency of concepts should be strictly adhered to.In the professional field of education evaluation,the unity of concepts is reached.In the construction of the localization of education evaluation,the internationalism of the concepts should be taken into consideration.