玉米禾谷镰孢穗腐病抗性鉴定接种方法比较

Comparison of Two Inoculation Methods for Resistance of Fusarium Graminearum Ear Rot

通过子粒注射法和花丝通道法,在玉米吐丝初期至乳熟后期间隔5~127 d接种3个不同玉米品种,明确东北地区玉米禾谷镰孢穗腐病抗性鉴定的最佳接种方法。结果发现,禾谷镰孢在玉米吐丝期至乳熟期均能侵染玉米子粒和花丝。子粒注射法在玉米吐丝1~12 d内接种的病情指数显著高于16 d以后接种的处理;花丝通道法在玉米吐丝1~5 d内的病情指数显著高于12 d以后接种的处理。子粒注射法的抗性鉴定结果为吐丝1 d接种的果穗表现为感病,吐丝5~12 d为中抗或抗病,吐丝16 d之后为抗病或高抗;花丝通道法接种的结果为吐丝1 d为中抗或抗,吐丝5 d及以后为抗或高抗。结果表明,子粒注射法在玉米吐丝10~15 d左右接种发病稳定、抗感差异明显、鉴定结果准确。

Three different maize varieties were inoculated at an interval of 5-12 days from the early stage of maize silking to the late stage of milk maturity through the kernel injection method and the silk channel method,and the best inoculation method for the identification of Fusarium ear rot resistance of maize grains in Northeast China was determined.The results showed that Fusarium graminearum can infect maize kernels and silks from the maize silking stage to milk maturity stage,the disease index of maize kernels inoculated within 1-12 days of maize silking through the kernel injection method is significantly higher than that of the treatments inoculated after 16 days.The disease index of maize kernels inoculated within 1-5 days of maize silking by the silk channel method is significantly higher than that of the treatment after 12 days.The resistance identification result of the kernel injection method is that the ears inoculated on the first day of silking are susceptible,the ears inoculated after 5-12 days of silking are moderately resistant or resistant,and after 16 days of silking,they are resistant or high resistant.The result of inoculation by the silk channel method is that they are moderately resistant or resistant after silking for 1 day,silking for 5 days and later is resistant or high resistant.The results showed that the maize ears that were inoculated at 10-15 days after maize silking by the grain injection method had stable disease,obvious difference in resistance and susceptibility,and accurate identification results.