马克思世界历史思想的方法论原则及意义

The Methodological Principles and Significance of Marx’s World History Thought

马克思从现实的物质生产和劳动出发,系统性地梳理了人类自孤立分散的历史逐渐走向紧密相连的世界历史的过程、规律和方向,革命性地变革了德国古典哲学的世界历史观。不同于黑格尔的思辨逻辑,马克思以一种科学认识的辩证逻辑对历史向世界历史的转变展开研究,首先经由完整表象向抽象规定的上升过程,解决了历史甚至是世界历史抽象性的物质问题;其次将这种抽象规定上升到思维具体,通过对某一具体社会中基本问题的研究而在思维中再现世界历史整体;最终以“完整表象——抽象规定——思维具体”的逻辑使其世界历史思想具备基础性、实质性和科学性的内容。马克思世界历史思想坚持历史性与价值性相统一、普遍性与特殊性相统一、批判性与建构性相统一,展现了极其重要的方法论意义。

Starting from the actual material production and labor,Marx systematically sorted out the process,law and direction of the gradual transition of human beings from the isolated and scattered history to the closely connected world history,which revolutionized the world history view of German classical philosophy.Unlike Hegel’s speculative logic,Marx used a dialectical logic of scientific understanding to study the transformation of history into world history.First,through the ascending process of complete representation to abstract regulations,the material problem of abstraction in history and even the history of the world has been solved.Secondly,this abstract regulation is raised to concrete thinking,and the whole world history is reproduced in thinking by studying the basic problems in a specific society.In the end,the logic of“Complete Representation-Abstract Regulations-Specific Thinking”makes its world historical thoughts have basic,substantive and scientific content.Marx’s world history thought adheres to the unity of historicity and value,universality and particularity,and criticality and constructiveness,which shows the extremely important methodological significance.