佩戴冰帽缓解乳腺癌化疗患者脱发的应用效果

Application of scalp cooling cap to prevent alopecia in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

目的探讨佩戴冰帽对缓解乳腺癌化疗患者脱发的效果。方法2020年1月至12月纳入北京市某三级甲等医院行化疗的乳腺癌患者202例为研究对象,根据佩戴冰帽的意愿将患者分为干预组(127例)和对照组(75例)。干预组于化疗过程中佩戴冰帽,对照组化疗过程中不接受头皮护理。于患者首次化疗开始前、末次化疗开始前拍摄其头部前、后、两侧及头顶的发量照片,由不知晓患者分组情况的研究护士按世界卫生组织(WHO)的抗癌药物毒性分级标准判断脱发程度,评估患者末次化疗前的脱发状态。结果末次化疗前,干预组未脱发患者86例(67.7%),对照组未脱发患者12例(16.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。佩戴冰帽对不同化疗方案所致脱发的预防有效率为60.9%~73.9%。结论佩戴冰帽可有效缓解乳腺癌化疗导致的脱发,且佩戴方便,不适症状少,值得在临床推广。

Objective To explore the effect of scalp cooling caps in preventing alopecia in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methods From January 2020 to December 2020,202 breast cancer patients on chemotherapy were recruited in a tertiary hospital in Beijing,of whom 127 were included into an intervention group wearing scalp cooling cap during chemotherapy,and 75 was used as a control group to receive routine care.Photographs of the anterior,posterior,lateral,and top aspects of the head were taken before the first cycle and the last cycle of chemotherapy.The study nurses,who were not aware of the group of patients,assessed the degree of alopecia according to the toxicity classification criteria of the World Health Organization(WHO)for anti-cancer drugs before the last cycle of chemotherapy.Results Before the last cycle of chemotherapy,there were 86 cases(67.7%)without hair in the intervention group and 12 cases(16.0%)in the control group;the difference was significant(P<0.001).The effective rate of wearing scalp cooling cap to alleviate hair loss in patients in the intervention group on different chemotherapy regimens was 60.9%-73.9%.Conclusion Wearing scalp cooling caps could effectively alleviate hair loss of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy,and it is easy for the medical staff to operate,showing strong advantages in the clinical practice.